Reality check: Plastic or perfect?

By the way, take a big reality check: Don’t expect to look like the sculpted, fat-free people who sell weight training products on TV infomercials or magazine ads. Many of these models have unusual genetics, have taken drugs, and/or have undergone liposuction and added implants to achieve their looks (in addition to being digitally enhanced by professional film producers). In fact, among men, chest or pec and calf implants are popular, while more and more women are getting butt implants. Mentioning this phenomenon is not to advocate plastic surgery. This is simply to let you know that most people who have bodies that look a little too perfect are likely to have achieved that look through unnatural means. So don’t set yourself up for failure before you begin by trying to look like a TV or magazine model by using natural methods. It’s impossible. Simply aim to be your best you.

Weight training equipment

Naturally, the exercises you choose are limited to the equipment that’s available to you. If you belong to a health club the size of Wal-Mart, you may be able to try every exercise in this book — and probably a few thousand more. One four-story club in New York City devotes an entire floor to leg machines. If you work out at a smaller club or at home, your choices are more limited, but even with rudimentary equipment, you can get your body into great shape. If you’re short on equipment, you may want to consult a trainer to find out how to make the most of the gizmos you have access to or to help you decide which key pieces of equipment you should own to achieve your particular goals.

Identifying why you want to train

Too many people blindly go through the motions of a weight training program without stopping to ask themselves, “What the heck am I trying to accomplish?” So give this question some serious thought. Are you planning to scale the Grand Tetons, or do you just want to strengthen your back to add oomph to your golf swing? Remember the principle of specificity. Here’s a rundown of some common goals and how you can reach each of them. You may want to consult a trainer or medical doctor for advice that’s even more specific to your needs.

_ Improve your health. If you aspire to increase your strength, keep your bones strong, and avoid common injuries, you need not spend half of your waking hours with hunks of steel in your hands. You can get by with one exercise for every major muscle group in your body. Simply perform one set of 8 to 15 repetitions for each of the following muscle groups:
• Butt (glutes)
• Front thighs (quadriceps)
• Rear thighs (hamstrings)
• Calves
• Chest (pecs)
• Back
• Abdominals (abs)
• Shoulders (delts)
• Front of upper arm (biceps)
• Rear of upper arm (triceps)
The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends doing two or three workouts a week.

_ Alter your looks. Weight training can be a powerful tool for changing your appearance by toning up your muscles, adding definition to your body’s shape, and adding size if desired and your genetics permit. If you’re large boned and muscular, however, weight training can’t make you lean and flexible — and vice versa. You need to work within your body’s parameters.
Significantly overhauling your body’s appearance requires more of a time commitment than simply improving your health. (And keep in mind that your diet, lifestyle, and cardiovascular workouts play a large role, too.) Instead of training your entire body in 25 minutes, you may need to spend 20 minutes simply on your upper body. To develop a noticeably firmer body, we suggest performing at least three sets per muscle group.

_ Train for an athletic event. Preparing for an athletic challenge at any level takes time and dedication (and weight training, of course, is just one aspect of your training). For best results, you need to tailor your weight routine precisely to the event. For example, if you’re working toward a hilly 10K walk or run, you need to give extra attention to your leg and butt muscles. And your workout will be completely different if you want to simply complete a 10K run rather than win it. Serious competitors should expect to spend a lot of serious time in the weight room at certain times of the year (primarily the off-season). And, you should consult a trainer or coach who specializes in working with athletes for a comprehensive, periodized program.

Your short-term goals should focus on the behaviors, in other words the things that you need to do or not do, to achieve your longterm objective. Your training program design should reflect your specific training objectives.

The slide exercise

The slide is the perfect abdominal exercise for people prone to lower back or neck pain. Performing the slide is a good way to get your abs in shape for more challenging abdominal exercises.

Getting set
Remove your shoes. Lie on your back with your knees bent comfortably, feet hip-width apart, toes up, and heels digging into the floor. Rest your arms at your sides. Pull your abdominals in and gently push — but don’t force —your back into the floor so, to some extent, you flatten out the natural curve of the small of your back. See photo A.

The exercise
Slowly slide your heels forward as you gradually straighten your legs; don’t allow your abs to push upward or your back to pop up off the floor, even a little. Continue straightening your legs until you can’t keep your abs tight or your back on the floor or until your legs fully extend. Then slowly slide your heels back to the starting position, again taking care not to relax your middle muscles. See photo B.

Do’s and don’ts

• DO slide your legs out only as far as you can while keeping your back in contact with the floor. As you get stronger, you’ll be able to straighten your legs all the way while keeping your abs pulled in and your back flat.
• DO keep your head, neck, and shoulders relaxed.
• DO move slowly and take the time to feel your abs working.

Other options

• Single-leg slide (easier): Slide out one heel at a time. Do an equal number of reps with each leg.
• Slide with paper plates (harder): Place your heels on two paper plates or in plastic bags. You have to work even harder to slide slowly and with control.
• Short slide (harder): Slide your heels out to the point where you need to work the hardest to maintain your back placement on the floor. Slide your heels a few inches back and forth several times so you’re constantly working.

Reverse plank

The reverse tabletop plank is an all-around excellent core stabilizer, working abs, back, glutes, and shoulder stabilizer muscles. This exercise excels because it works so many muscles simultaneously, which is the way that we challenge our bodies in real life.

Getting set
Lie on your back with your knees bent and palms under your shoulders, and then lift yourself into a tabletop position. Point your fingers in whatever direction is most comfortable for your shoulders. Slide your shoulders down. Pull your abdominals inward.

The exercise
As you exhale, squeeze your buttocks and push up onto your heels. Avoid arching your upper or lower back. Hold your head in the most comfortable position for your neck — either upright and looking down your torso or lowered gently toward the back. Work up to a 30-second hold.

Do’s and don’ts

• DO keep your abdominals pulled in so you don’t arch your lower back or pop out your ribs.
• DO keep your shoulders down. Avoid hunching or collapsing into your shoulders.
• DON’T let your bottom sag down.

Other options
Reverse plank (easier): Lie on your back with your legs straight and palms under your shoulders, and then lift yourself onto your hands. Lift your hips, keeping your knees over your ankles, your abs and gluts tight and your spine lengthened. Supporting a shorter length is easier for your core stabilizers.
Reverse plank with leg lift (harder): Keep your torso parallel to the ground. Alternate lifting and lowering one leg at a time as high as you can without lowering your hips.

All fours spinal stabilization

All fours spinal stabilization is an excellent exercise to condition postural muscles and to prevent lower back pain.
If you have wrist pain when you put your palms on the ground, try doing the exercise on your closed fists.

Getting set
Kneel on all fours in a tabletop position with your hands under your shoulders and knees under your hips. Slide your shoulders down. Pull your abdominals in.

The exercise
Lift and extend opposite arm and leg out straight. Keep your chest and hips parallel to the ground. Lower your arm and leg back to start. Repeat with other arm and leg.

Do’s and don’ts

• DO concentrate on keeping your torso parallel to the ground.
• DON’T hunch your shoulders or arch your back.

Other options
Spinal stabilization arms only or legs only (easier): Instead of simultaneously lifting the opposite arm and leg, only lift alternating arms. Repeat, only lifting alternating legs.
Spinal stabilization same side arm and leg (harder): Instead of lifting your opposite arm and leg, lift the arm and leg on the same side.

Side plank

The side plank conditions core stabilizers, especially the muscles that support the shoulder girdle and lower back.
Use caution if you’re prone to shoulder discomfort.

Getting set
Recline on your left side, left hand palm down under your shoulder. Place your top right hand in front of your body. Keep your torso perpendicular to the ground, relax your shoulders, and pull in your abdominals.

The exercise
Push into your left hand and lift your hips up into a side plank position. Work up to a 30-second hold.

Do’s and don’ts

• DO keep your shoulders down and neck lengthened. Don’t hunch or collapse into your shoulder.
• DO continue to breathe normally as you hold the position. Avoid holding your breath.
• DO move smoothly and with control.
• DON’T collapse your chest forward or lean backward. Keep your torso perpendicular to the floor.

Other options
Modified side plank (easier): Start with your right elbow under your shoulder and with your lower leg bent at a right angle at the knee. Keep the top leg long and straight.

Side plank lifts: Instead of holding the elevated position for 30 seconds, lift and lower your hips and work up to 12 repetitions.

One-legged side plank (harder): When you reach the elevated position, pick your top leg off the floor and hold it straight at hip height.